What does the term 'valence' specifically measure?

Valence refers to the value or importance that an individual places on the rewards of achieving a specific goal. It is a critical component in motivation theories, particularly in expectancy theory, which suggests that individuals are motivated to act in a certain way based on the expected outcome and the value they place on that outcome.

When valence is high, it means that the individual perceives the rewards as desirable or significant, which enhances their motivation to pursue the goal. In contrast, if the valence is low, the person may lack the motivation to strive for that goal because they do not find the potential outcomes worthwhile.

The other choices focus on aspects of workplace dynamics and management feedback rather than directly measuring the intrinsic motivation related to goal achievement. Hence, the emphasis on the individual's motivation to achieve a goal accurately aligns with the concept of valence in motivational psychology.