Which approach can help avoid groupthink?

Playing the devil's advocate is a highly effective approach for avoiding groupthink because it introduces alternative viewpoints and challenges the prevailing opinions within a group. This method encourages critical thinking and open dialogue, prompting team members to explore different perspectives and consider the pros and cons of various ideas. By having someone intentionally argue against the group's consensus, it creates a space for discussion and deliberation, which can lead to better decision-making and innovation.

In contrast, encouraging competition among team members may lead to a focus on individual achievements over collaborative learning, which can stifle open exchange of ideas. Avoiding external opinions can limit the diversity of thought and perspectives that can enhance problem-solving, while focusing solely on team cohesion may prevent necessary discussions and critiques that are essential to healthy decision-making. Thus, playing the devil's advocate serves as a vital strategy for encouraging diverse input and mitigating the risks of groupthink.